{"id":21020,"date":"2016-01-08T16:55:02","date_gmt":"2016-01-08T16:55:02","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/cms.portalsaofrancisco.com.br\/?p=21020"},"modified":"2016-01-13T12:45:47","modified_gmt":"2016-01-13T12:45:47","slug":"papa-alexandre-iii","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/lab.fabricadelandings.com.br\/portalsaofrancisconovo\/historia\/historia-geral\/papa-alexandre-iii","title":{"rendered":"Papa Alexandre III"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>Papa Alexandre III &#8211; (1105 &#8211; 1181)<\/h2>\n<p class=\"imagem\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" title=\" Laurentius [Orlando ou Rolando] Bandinelli, papa Alexandre III\" src=\"https:\/\/lab.fabricadelandings.com.br\/portalsaofrancisconovo\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/ppalexa3.jpg\" alt=\" Laurentius [Orlando ou Rolando] Bandinelli, papa Alexandre III\" width=\"199\" height=\"284\" border=\"0\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Papa cat\u00f3lico italiano (1159-1181) nascido em Siena, que estabeleceu a infalibilidade papal. Depois de estudar direito e teologia, e se tornar professor de Escritura Sagrada na Universidade de Bologna, foi nomeado cardeal (1145) por Eug\u00eanio III e eleito pont\u00edfice (1159) para suceder a Adriano IV.<\/p>\n<p>Decidiu pela continuidade de seu predecessor em combater o avan\u00e7o de Barba-Roxa. Em resposta o imperador nomeou um antipapa, V\u00edtor IV, e ele reagiu com a excomunh\u00e3o de ambos. Diante da irada rea\u00e7\u00e3o do imperador (1162) refugiou-se em Sens, na Fran\u00e7a, sob a prote\u00e7\u00e3o de Lu\u00eds VII, voltando \u00e0 It\u00e1lia (1165), mas teve que se exilar novamente (1166).<\/p>\n<p>Organizou, ent\u00e3o, a Liga Lombarda (1168), voltou para Roma e fundou Alexandria, que foi sitiada, sem sucesso pelo imperador (1174). A autoridade do papa sobre os poderes seculares fez-se tamb\u00e9m notar na Inglaterra quando obrigou o rei desse pa\u00eds, Henrique II, a fazer penit\u00eancia p\u00fablica (1174) pelo assass\u00ednio do arcebispo de Canterbury, Thomas Becket.<\/p>\n<p>Concedeu o perd\u00e3o a Frederick Barba-Roxa quando este assinou o tratado de paz de Veneza com a Santa S\u00e9 (1177) e o de Constan\u00e7a com a Liga Lombarda (1183). Sua conduta inteligente e moderada, por\u00e9m firme, contribuiu para incrementar o prest\u00edgio da hierarquia eclesi\u00e1stica medieval, sem debilitar o poder do imperador alem\u00e3o e dos reis crist\u00e3os da Europa.<\/p>\n<p>No III Conc\u00edlio de Latr\u00e3o (1179), estabeleceu que a elei\u00e7\u00e3o do papa se realizaria por maioria de dois ter\u00e7os do col\u00e9gio cardinal\u00edcio. O papa que ficou para a hist\u00f3ria da igreja crist\u00e3 romana como o que dedicou seu pontificado \u00e0 luta pela supremacia do poder espiritual da igreja em rela\u00e7\u00e3o ao poder temporal do imp\u00e9rio e \u00e0s monarquias crist\u00e3s, morreu em 30 de agosto (1181) em Roma.<\/p>\n<p class=\"fonte\">Fonte: www.dec.ufcg.edu.br<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p> Laurentius [orlando Ou Rolando] Bandinelli, Papa Alexandre Iii, Cent\u00e9simo Septuag\u00e9simo Primeiro Papa, Lista De Papas<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[42],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-21020","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-historia-geral"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ 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